The use of neuromodulators (onabotulinum toxin A) in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders Introduction The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articulates the mandible to the base of the skull. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are a group of musculoskeletal syndromes affecting the TMJ and the supporting musculature. The muscles, bony articular surfaces and disc may all be involved giving rise to dysfunction and painful symptoms. The most prevalent form of TMD is
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